The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty administered by WIPO that forms part of the Madrid System for the international registration of trademarks. It allows trademark holders to file a single international application, based on a pending or registered national trademark, and designate protection in multiple Madrid System member countries simultaneously.
The Madrid Protocol simplifies the trademark registration process by allowing the applicant to file one application through their national IP office, which is forwarded to WIPO. WIPO then notifies each designated country, which examines the application under its own national rules and can grant or refuse protection independently. However, when an office action/opposition is raised on a national level, it has to be resolved via local representatives.
The Protocol also significantly reduces renewal complexity, since a single WIPO renewal covers all designated countries rather than requiring separate renewals in each.